Poetry Research Paper on Langston Hughes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Poetry Research Paper on Langston Hughes - Essay Example His was to make, living forever, the pride found in the African-American identity and culture. Through writings and action, he boldly campaigned against racial stereotypes and social injustices against the Blacks. He tirelessly worked to bring the idea of African-American beauty into reality as in one of his poems, My People: The Night is Beautiful, So the faces of my people. The Stars are beautiful, So the eyes of my people. Beautiful, also, in the sun. Beautiful, also, are the souls of my people (Leach, 7). Langston Hughes and his contemporaries tried, in their literary works, to describe the real life of their people, who belonged to the lower economic classes, and with miserable life. They strongly opposed discrimination against Blacks by Whites, based on skin color. These were people who were not ashamed of being black during a time when being black was considered a curse. Hughes emphasized the idea of â€Å"black is beautiful† and therefore took it upon his life to explo re this beauty largely (Leach 5). Hughes promoted a nationalism characterized by not only racial consciousness but also one, which had a cultural inclination, free of self-hate, a characteristic of Blacks in Africa. He encouraged them to be proud of their cultural identity. His technical experience was seen in his emphasis on the use of folk and jazz rhythms as a corner stone for his poems. He first published his poem, â€Å"The Negro Speaks of Rivers,† in The Crisis in 1921. Many considered this poem as his signature poem. He proceeded to publish his first collection of poetry, The Weary Blues, a collection in which he included the â€Å"signature poem† (Leach 5). â€Å"The Negro Speaks of Rivers† is a poem, which has attracted both critics and fans alike. Its allusions of dusky rivers, the setting sun, sleep, and the soul provides with both the idea of death and immortality. The poet bounces back to life from desperate grief, an action he does by resorting to his belief in his people and his sense of identity with them. He portrays his weak self as a child as well as that of his father. He uses the imagery of a muddy river for his race. This is where he gets his source of life, from the â€Å"muddy bosom† (black mother). Hughes also equates his vision to the angle at which the sun shines above the muddy water, which has the power to turn mud into gold (Rampersad qtd. in On â€Å"The Negro Speaks of Rivers†). As Owuchekwa Jemie puts it, Hughes accounts in this poem go back to a period before human existence. The rivers can be traced back to the time of creation, and with that is part of God’s eternity since they are everything from deep, mysterious and even continuous. Hughes has named them in chronological pattern, similar to that of the Black man’s history. Their waters have given the black man an immortal life. He has actually become part of the river. Hughes also captures Abraham Lincoln’s freeing of black slaves in the writer’s unprecedented turning of the muddy Mississippi into gold. Just like the river, the black man’s soul becomes deep with time. The waters in these rivers also flow incessantly, a declaration that the human soul will endure all the difficulties. In addition, since the blacks have seen civilizations come and go, they will certainly emerge victorious at the end. According to Jean Wagner, the Black’s long history endows them with a rare form of wisdom; wisdom better than that of the great civilizations in man’

Teligius Reformation, Europe and Martin Luther Essay

Teligius Reformation, Europe and Martin Luther - Essay Example Luther’s main contention was that Christians need to be saved through faith and not their actions or repentance. He subsequently initiated a series of reforms in the Church through his prolific writings across Europe. His famous words, ‘only blood turns the wheels of history’ was uttered when he believed that bloodshed in war has become important part of history and reforms within the Church are needed for peace. These words become highly pertinent because the 100 years of war between France and England were highlighted by total disregard for the welfare of the common man and focused on establishing the supremacy of English Monarchy over France. The unnecessary bloodshed must have been the major reason for Luther to say those words in anguish and his beliefs that individual greed for power often ‘turns the wheels of history’. Indeed, the Church’s support to the Crown and exoneration of their sins through repentance and confession was seen as wr ong by Luther. He strongly believed that faith alone should have been the major objective of man’s actions and one should therefore be reaping the results of his/her actions as such. Martin Luther’s writings were the basis for Protestant reformation in Europe during sixteenth century. He was born on 10 November, 1483 in Eisleben, Germany to a miner’s family. ... ‘Only blood turns the wheels of history’ could have another interpretation: Luther, probably saw that personal sacrifices and reforms within the Church could also become vital inputs for making history rather than bloodshed based on vested interests of some human-beings. Martin Luther’s interpretation of Bible was more radical than the traditional papal’s version. It started the most important religious revolution that offered the common man to choose between the traditional Catholic Christianity or Protestant Christianity that was inspired by the reforms suggested by Luther. Luther was aghast at the seemingly corrupt practices of Catholics clergy who use to ‘sell’ indulgences. He believed that good actions of people would have no relevance until they believed in the goodness of the Lord. Thus according to him, faith superseded any actions. On the other hand, Catholic beliefs that actions can be repented and fate of believers could be revered i f they followed rituals etc. Indulgences were primarily Catholic doctrines that sought forgiveness of one’s sins through buying indulgences from church through donation etc. which were subsequently used by Church to meet its expenses. Luther compared them to common trade practices and said that indulgences could only reduce time in purgatory as sinners could have some stored merits. His 95 Theses is a comprehensive discourse on the corruption of indulgence system and how it defiles the basic doctrine of religion which fundamentally relies on faith and supremacy of God. He believed that Christian Clergy, including Pope has no authority to redeem the sins of individuals and exempt him/her from purgatory. Path to purgatory could have been one of the reasons for Luther to say that

Spinal Muscular Atrophy

Spinal Muscular Atrophy Spinal Muscular Atrophy Spinal muscular Atrophy is a disorder when the spine and muscles are affected. The Neurons on the spinal cord that control movement of muscles are infected and causes the Neurons to shrink and become destroyed and prevents messages coming from the body To the brain and muscles depend on that for proper function. Some muscles are not affected when having SMA like the bladder muscles. Hearing and vision are not affected and intelligence is normal or above average. Investigators have noted that children with SMA can have very high intelligence. There are 3 types of SMA all 3 types are known As autonomic recessive genes. To inherit SMA both parents must give the defective gene in order for the offspring to inherit the disorder. Sometimes SMA is inherited as an autonomic dominant gene. Type 1, 2, and 3 are got from a defected same gene on chromosome #5, different affected chromosomes will have different affects and types of SMA.There is another form of the disease called x-linked spinal bulbar atrophy that arises from a defect in a gene called the androgen receptor gene on the X chromosome. Every form of SMA affects the bones muscles of the trunk and limbs. These muscles are closer to the center of the body and are more infected than other parts that are farther than the body like the fingers. SMA type 1 affects the neurons that control your mouth and throat which makes chewing and eating problems. Type 1 is the most severe of all the types of SMA and is noticed during the first 6 months of birth. Cannot sit without support or a cushion, death is usually occurred before the age of 2. SMA type 2 isnt as worse as type 1 and is noticed during the ages of 7 months to 18 months of age. Cannot sit properly without a cushion or support, cannot learn to walk without any help or assistance has numerous swallowing difficulty some lucky children survive until childhood. Type 3 SMA occurs after the age of 18 months old. Weakness of the muscles in the mouth and throat is not likely to happen. Not as severe as type 1 and 2 but still can cause death if not cared for, children might live up to adulthood SMA is inherited by both parents having the recessive gene is their DNA and the offspring inherits 22 of the non sex chromosomes. When genes are defected they do not function and properly produce the proteins that are needed for a cell to function. A big chain can happen when a little protein is absent when there is too little or too much protein or if it doesnt work right for some reason. In the case of SMA protein abnormalities prevent the normal functioning of motor neurons. SMA causes muscle degeneration and will shrink until muscle weakness happens. SMA is not spreadable because disorders cannot spread from person to person only if parents have the 2 recessive SMA genes. There are no cures or treatments for spinal muscular atrophy right now but researchers and scientist are trying to find a way to get rid of SMA or at least reverse some of the affects that causes death for the young. Some symptoms of SMA are muscle weakness, leg weakness, thin muscles, hard time breathing, hard time eating/swallowing, lack of movement and walking, head control, hard time sitting up, hard time crawling when a baby. SMA affects life span a lot, especially when a child or a baby because you have a high risk of dying because of the disorder. Muscles are weak and have a hard time walking. SMA affects all kinds of people. In 1890 G. Werdnig found about SMA and the first type of the form of SMA. Years later a person named Kugelberg and another person named Welander described the less severe types of SMA and its affects to the human body and muscles. SMA is the most common diagnosis in girls with progressive weakness. It is one of the most common genetic causes of death in children! In the United States it is about 5 out of 100,000 child births that are affected with SMA. In ND (North Dakota) it is about 15 out of 100,000 children that are affected with SMA. SMA seems to be affecting more people in North Dakota then anywhere else in other areas. Males are more common to get SMA other than females, the ratio to males to females is 2:1 although the ratio is 2:1 how long you live with SMA is not affected by sex. Spinal muscular atrophy used to be only affecting black African Americans but years have passed and it is indicated that SMA is not affecting African Americans that much as it used to a while back. Spinal muscular atrophy is caused by the region of chromosome #5 that contains SMN (survival motor neuron) gene has a very abnormal huge duplication. The gene copies its self which causes mutation. The smn2 gene has a another mutation that makes less protein that does it in a very slow level. The most common forms of SMA are caused by the mutation of the SMN gene and affects different areas of the body and makes severe or less severe damages depending on how the gene mutates. Boys that get the gene die before the age of 2, but girls that get the gene are carriers unless they die before having an offspring. There are about 1,386 families that have SMA and 759 females and 776 males that do have SMA. Doctors and researches help with the symptoms and features of SMA to help reduce the chance of death. Doctors talk with children and help babies walk and breath. The spine is dislocated and is not straight. The spine wont function correctly and spine neurons will eventually die out and muscles will die out to.

Does Utopia describe an ideal society? Essay -- English Literature

Does Utopia describe an ideal society? Thomas More was born in London in 1477. More had an extensive education and rose quickly through the Government hierarchy and attained high office. In May 1515 he was appointed to a delegation to help revise an Anglo-Flemish commercial treaty. During this time he began writing Utopia and completed it upon his return to London. Utopia was first published in Latin, at Louvain in December 1516. More added Utopia just before the outbreak of the reformation, during a time when the stresses and corruption that led to the reformation were rapidly increasing towards conflict. Utopia itself depicts what its narrator Hythloday, claimed to be an ideal society. The book became a huge success and founded a literary tradition known as ‘the utopian novel’. This tradition is an authors attempt to describe a perfect and ideal society. The book is in two parts, and it is believed that the first was written last and the second was written first. The first book (book 1) is presented as an introduction to book 2 as well as providing commentary to it. It is also viewed by many that the first book was likely to have been written in two parts, firstly, to briefly introduce the characters particularly the narrator: Hythloday. With the second part being of Hythloday giving an extended speech on a number of subjects with some being of a major interest to More the author. Book one starts off as a discussion between More, Hythloday and Peter Giles. At first the discussion is very relaxed, starting off in a church, then continuing into a garden and also at a friend’s dinner but soon becoming more and more intense as they enter into debates such as practical politics and the problem of th... ...cter Hythloday translates into ‘expert in nonsense’. Showing that overall, More may not have perceived Utopia a society of idealism and perfection, but it would seem that many of Utopia’s policies offer criticisms and resolutions to the problems he saw in Europe at the time, and so it is vital to see that this book is a response to a specific historical period. Bibliography Logan, G, M., Adams, R, M. (1997). Utopia. London: Cambridge University Press. Skinner, Q. (1978). The foundations of modern political thought: The Renaissance V.1. London: Cambridge University Press. More, T., Turner, P (editor). Utopia (2003). London: Penguin Books ltd. Solomon, R, C., Higgins, K, M., (1996). A short history of Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. - Thomas More/Utopia Websites: www.d-holliday.com/tmore/bio/html www.utoronto.ca/links.html

The Difference Between the Lumiere Brothers and George Melies

Explain the main differences between the approach the Lumiere Brothers and George Melies had towards the potential of the very first cameras and projectors. Explain the impact of this difference for the history of narrative film. In 1895, two brothers, Auguste and Louis Lumiere invented a variation on Edison's Peephole Kinetoscope film camera on the behest of their father Antoine, who had seen Edison's effort on display in Paris a year earlier. They called it the Cinematographe and they duly patented it in February of that year.They began to make films with the Cinematographe and displayed them to private audiences. One member of such an audience was George Melies. He was immediately taken by the phenomenon and attempted to purchase the Cinematographe from the Lumiere brothers without success and so set about trying to invent one himself, which he did by 1896, the Kinetographe Robert-Houdin. He would later discard the bulky and noisy camera only a year later choosing instead to purch ase more advanced cameras that were made by none other than the Lumiere brothers amongst others.The Lumiere brothers’ style of filmmaking was to reflect daily life with common scenes such as a train arriving at the platform and passengers disembarking as seen in their first film in 1895, L’Arrivee d’un train en gare. Another was the depiction of hundreds of their father’s employees leaving the factory after a days work. This style depicting ‘actuality’, was filmed outdoors with just one long shot and very little if any camera movement. Also in keeping with their penchant for realism, no actors were used in their films. A particular highlight of the brothers first film was the angled shot of the train oming into the station which showed a beautiful perspective to the audience. It should be noted that the audience, far from being bored by such straightforward visual capturing, was excited just to see moving images for the first time and their e xcited reactions reflected this. George Melies on the other hand used his affinity with magic to try to recreate plots based on fantasy that included techniques that showed actors disappearing in a puff of smoke as in his film A Trip To The Moon. Melies experimented with film to tell a story or unfold a plot using actors and special effects.He would edit his scenes with jump cuts as well as using stop motion technique to great effect. All in an effort to tell a story via the mise en scene. Melies’ films were filmed in a studio setting with elaborate backdrops to match his elaborate plots. It is fair to say that Melies took filmmaking too another level in terms of technique. On the one hand we had the Lumiere brothers capturing reality and on the other hand you had Melies capturing fantasy. Clearly this separation of styles has impacted the history of narrative film.In 1903 Edwin S Porter’s The great Train Robbery was a film that included sophisticated camera work and e xcellent editing. This was the first film where scenes were not shot in order and were edited to enhance storyline and dramatic effect. There was also a cast of over 40 actors working to an actual script. Porter made the film while working as a Director and Producer at Edison’s East 21st Street Skylight Studio. In order to truly appreciate the impact Melies’ approach to filmmaking had on the history of narrative film, one would only have to look at the mergence of the great film studios in the years after he started making films. In particular Thomas Edison’s Motion Picture Patents Company and then Paramount Studios and Universal Studios and MGM – all of which began between 1896 and 1924. The emergence of these big studios dominated filmmaking and in so doing limited the reach of the independent filmmaker who was not attached to any of them. One could argue the style portrayed by the Lumiere brothers, that of a documentary, was being overshadowed by the m ore extravagant narrative style portrayed by George Melies, that was adopted by the big studios.Not until the US Supreme Court decision in 1948, did the grip of the big studios loosen on the film industry and allow smaller independent filmmakers a path back to the cinema and a wider audience. Whilst narrative film still has the lions share of the backing from big film studios across the world, filmmakers documenting reality have made their mark in the film industry with some of the most memorable films ever made and they have solidified their place and their audience thanks largely to the growing media, and in particular the emergence of the internet and the ability to ‘do it yourself’ successfully.

64th Republic Day of India

Introduction 64th Republic Day of India – January 26, 2013 Republic Day, celebrated on January 26th every year, is one of India’s most important national events. It was on January 26th, 1950 that the constitution of India came into force and India became a truly Sovereign, Democratic and Republic state. On this day India finally enjoyed the freedom of spirit, rule of law and fundamental principle of governance. The patriotic fervor of the Indian people on this day brings the whole country together even in her embedded diversity. Republic Day is a people’s day in a variety of ways:It’s when regional identity takes a backseat and what matters most is the universal appeal of unity and brotherhood projected by all Indians. The Indian constitution basically stands for the aspirations which ‘the common man of India’ cherishes. Republic Day is a day of the citizen of the country when he is entitled to be ‘all supreme'. Republic Day is celebrate d most majestically in the capital, New Delhi, where symbols of the great nation's military might and cultural wealth are displayed in what is the world's most impressive parade. All Government buildings are illuminated lending the city the atmosphere of a fairyland.This day is celebrated with much zeal and pride all across the nation. Republic Day Significance India gained independence on August 15, 1947. But till January 26, 1950, it did not have the proper law of the land for ruling the country. On 26th January, 1950 the constitution of India came into force and India became a nation state with sovereignty and republic sense. Our constitution was formed by the Indian Constituent Assembly. The Indian Constituent Assembly met on December 9, 1946. The Assembly appointed a number of committees to report on the various aspects of the proposed constitution.The Constituent Assembly had appointed Dr. B. R. Ambedkar as the Chairman to draft the Constitution. The committee finalized the dr aft with 395 Articles and eight Schedules and was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on November 26, 1949. The Indian Republic officially came into being on January 26, 1950. January 26 was not some random date picked out of the calendar. It was on this date in 1927, that the Indian National Congress, then fighting its non-violent war for freedom, voted for complete independence as against ‘Dominion Status'.It was the date when members of the Indian National Congress took the pledge to work towards a ‘Sovereign Democratic Republic' of India. The Indian Constitution, the longest in the world, now consist of 397 articles and 12 schedules which provides for a single citizenship for the whole of India. It gives the right to vote to all the citizens of 18 years and above, unless they are disqualified. Fundamental rights are guaranteed to the citizens, equality of religion and so on. The Supreme Court, consisting of the Chief Justice of India and other judges, are the guardia n of the Constitution.It stands at the apex of a single integrated judicial system for the whole country. This is where the fundamental rights of the citizens are protected. 26 January 1950 It was on 26 January, 1950 that the constitution of India came into force and India became a Sovereign Democratic Republic. It was on the same day that Dr. Rajendra Prasad took oath as the first President of India. Read here the first speech delivered by Dr. Rajendra Prasad as the President of India on 26th January, 1950. â€Å"It is a great day for our country. India has had a long and chequered history; parts of it were cloudy and parts bright and sunlit.At no period, even during the most glorious eras of which we have record, was this whole country brought under one Constitution and one rule. We have mention of many Republics in our books and our historians have been able to make out a more or less connected and co-ordinated piece out of the incidents and the places which are mentioned in the se records. But these Republics were small and tiny and their shape and size was perhaps the same as that of the Greek Republics of that period. We have mention of Kings and Princes, some of whom are described as ‘Chakravarty', that is, a monarch whose suzerainty was acknowledged by other Princes.During the British period, while acknowledging the suzerainty of Britain, the Indian Princes continued to carry on the administration of their territories in their own way. It is for the first time today that we have inaugurated a Constitution which extends to the whole of this country and we see the birth of a federal republic having States which have no sovereignty of their own and which are really members and parts of one federation and one administration. His Excellency the Ambassador of the Netherlands has been pleased to refer to the relations and connections of this country with other countries both Eastern and Western.That relationship, so far as this country is concerned, has always been one of friendliness. Our ancestors carried the message of our teachers far and wide and established cultural ties which have withstood the ravages of time and still subsist while Empires have crumbled and fallen to pieces. Our ties subsist because they were not of iron and steel or even of gold but of the silken cords of the human spirit, India has had to face, on many occasions, assaults and invasions by foreigners and she has very often succumbed. But, there is not a single instance of a military invasion or aggressive war by this country against any other.It is therefore in the fitness of things and a culmination of our own cultural traditions that we have been able to win our freedom without bloodshed and in a very peaceful manner. The Father of our Nation, Mahatma Gandhi, was not a freak of nature but the physical embodiment and consummation of the progress of that spirit of non-violence which has been our great heritage. We have been able under his matchless leade rship, not only to regain our lost freedom but also to establish and strengthen the bonds of friendship with those — and our thanks are due to them for it — against whose policy we have fought and won.Our Constitution is a democratic instrument seeking to ensure to the individual citizens the freedoms which are so invaluable. India has never prescribed or prosecuted opinion and faith and our philosophy has room as much for a devotee of a personal god, as for an agnostic or an atheist. We shall, therefore, be only implementing in practice under our Constitution what we have inherited from our traditions, namely, freedom of opinion and expression.Under the new set-up, which we are inaugurating today, we hope to live up to the teachings of our Master and help in our own humble way in the establishment of peace in the world. Our attitude towards all countries is one of utmost friendliness. We have no designs against any one, no ambition to dominate others. Our hope is that others also will have no designs against us. We have had bitter experience of aggression by other countries in the past and can only express the hope that it may not be necessary for us to take any measures even in self-defence.I know the world today is passing through a most uncertain and anxious period. Two world wars within one generation, with all their devastation and aftermath of suffering and sorrow, have not been able to convince it that a war can never bring about the end of wars. It is, therefore, necessary to seek the end of wars in positive acts of goodness towards all and the world must learn to utilize all its resources for productive and beneficial purposes and not for destruction.We do venture to think that this country may have a past to play in establishing this goodwill and atmosphere of confidence and co-operation. We have inherited no old enmities. Our republic enters the world stage, therefore, free from pride and prejudice, humbly believing and striving that in international as well as internal affairs our statesmen may be guided by the teachings of the Father of our Nation — tolerance, understanding non-violence and resistance to aggression.It is in such a country and at such a time that it has pleased the representatives of our people to call me to this high office. You can easily understand my nervousness which arises not only from the tremendousness of the task with which our newly won freedom is confronted but also from a consciousness that I succeed in this sphere of activity, though not in office, one who has played such a conspicuous part not only during the period of strife and struggle but also during the period of constructive activity and active administration.You know Sri Chakravarty Rajagopalachari and have experience of his incisive intellect, great learning, practical wisdom and sweetness of manners. It has been my privilege to have been associated with him for more than 30 years and although we might have had occ asional differences of opinion on some vital matters but never have our personal relations suffered by setback and I feel sure that I shall continue to enjoy the benefit of his protective advice in whatever crises I may have to face.My nervousness and anxiety are to no small extent countered by a consciousness that I shall be the recipient of fullest confidence from our Prime Minister, Deputy Prime Minister, the Members of the Cabinet and the Legislature and from the people at large. I shall Endeavour my best to earn and deserve that confidence. Let me also hope that this country will be able to win the confidence of other nations and secure such assistance as it may require in times of need. I have great pleasure in responding to the toast which has been proposed. † Republic Day CelebrationsDate: January 26 (Every Year) Venue: India Gate Highlights: President's Speech, Parade and Caravans (Jhakiyan) of different states This is one of the most colorful and prestigious national festivals and the presence of dignitaries like the President of India, the Prime Minister of India, Union Ministers and foreign delegates also add to the dignity of the celebration. Celebration of Republic Day is different than Independence Day. The difference in significance marks the variation in the pattern of celebration of these two national days. It is a people’s day.On Independence Day, the past is recalled whereas, on Republic Day, the pledge is renewed. Independence Day has rhetoric built in the celebration; Republic Day is without speeches. Republic Day is celebrated all over the country at all the administrative units like the capital cities, district headquarters, sub divisions, talukas, and panchayats. The major ceremonies are held at Delhi and the state capitals. The celebration mood lasts for one week. It consists of the ground preparations, rehearsals, the main display which spills over to the ‘Beating of Retreat’ on January 29.The day has acquir ed the status of a social celebration in which people participate whole-heartedly. The celebration mosaic is studded with activities. Though the Republic Day Parade is the main ceremony, various activities are held from early morning when prabhat pheris (morning rounds) followed by a homage to Mahatma Gandhi – the Father of Nation. The parade is succeeded by sports events in the afternoon. ‘At Home’ functions at the Raj Bhavan, at the District Magistrate’s and at the SDM’s are followed by illumination of public buildings at the provincial capitals and administrative headquarters.The celebrations are universal, total and participatory in which children also take part in a big way. Variations in culture are displayed through colourful attires and folk dances. The parades held on the day traditionally predominates a touch of modernity reflected in the display of might, technology and capabilities of growth in various sectors. The parades symbolizes the might; the tableaux reflects the cultural motifs. Rules for Flag Hoisting in India â€Å"A flag is a necessity for all nations. Millions have died for it. It is no doubt a kind of idolatry which would be a sin to destroy.For, a flag represents an Ideal The unfurling of the Union Jack evokes in the English breast sentiments whose strength it is difficult to measure. The Stars and Stripes mean a world to the Americans. The Star and the Crescent will call forth the best bravery in Islam. † â€Å"It will be necessary for us Indians Muslims, Christians Jews, Parsis, and all others to whom India is their home-to recognize a common flag to live and to die for. † ~ Mahatma Gandhi The Indian Flag is a national symbol and it is respected by every citizen of India. There are certain points to remember while hoisting the Indian Flag. The Indian Flag should be hoisted with the saffron colour on the top. * There should be no flag or emblem either above the National Flag or on its r ight. * If there are multiple flags to be hoisted, they must be placed to the left of the Indian Flag. * During the hoisting of the National Flag, all present must stand to give respect and honour its glory. * The flag cannot be intentionally allowed to touch the ground or the floor or trail in water. It cannot be draped over the hood, top, and sides or back of vehicles, trains, boats or aircraft. * The flag cannot be used for communal gains, drapery, or clothes. The National Flag should be flown from sunrise to sunset, irrespective of the weather. It must be taken out before sunset. Republic Day Parade The main celebrations of Republic Day are held in the form of a colourful parade near India Gate in Delhi. The parade showcasing India's military might and cultural diversity covers a 8 km route, starting from the Rashtrapati Bhavan through the picturesque Rajpath down to India Gate before winding up at the historic Red Fort in Old Delhi. The events of the day begin with the Prime Mi nister laying a wreath at the Amar Jawan Jyoti – India Gate.He then drives up to the central enclosure and awaits the arrival of the President and a Chief Guest of the occasion who is normally a Head of other Country. On his arrival the Hon’ble President meets the dignitaries present and unfurls the National Flag. Following this the National Anthem is played with a 21-gun salute to the National Flag. After this a brief investiture ceremony takes place during which the President presents India's top gallantry awards, the Param Veer Chakra, the Veer Chakra and the Maha Veer Chakra to the outstanding soldiers from the defense services.After this, four helicopters from the armed forces fly past the parade area showering rose petals on the audience. Each chopper carries a flag – the first being the Indian flag and the other three the flags of the Army, the Navy, and the Indian Air Force. The march past begins immediately after the fly past. The President, as Commande r-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, takes the salute of the mechanised, mounted and marching contingents of the Army, Air Force, Navy, Paramilitary forces, Police and the National Cadet Corps.After the march past comes the cultural extravaganza consisting of floats presented by the various states and performances by school children. After the floats, the bravery awards winning children from all over the country enter on elephants. A spectacular fly-past by Air Force and Naval aircraft rounds off this not-to-be missed experience. The parade is followed by a pageant of spectacular displays from the different states of the country. These moving exhibits depict scenes of activities of people in those states and the music and songs of that particular state accompany each display.Each display brings out the diversity and richness of the culture of India and the whole show lends a festive air to the occasion. No other country in the world can parade so many ethnically different people in splen did uniforms as India's Armed Forces. But they are all united in their proven loyalty to the Government elected by the people and in their proud traditions and legendary gallantry. Republic Day Chief Guests Since 1950, India has been inviting head of state or government of another country as the state guest of honor for Republic Day celebrations and parade in New Delhi.Selecting the Chief guests for the Republic Day has more than mere ceremonial reasons. The choice of chief guest every year is dictated by a number of reasons such as strategic and diplomatic, business interest and international geo-politics. Recently India has been inviting dignitaries from South East Asia with the latest being Thailand's first women Prime Minister, Yingluck Shinawatra. Sultan of Oman Qaboos bin Said Al Said will be the chief guest for Republic Day Celebrations 2013 Here is the list of Chief Guests invited as the Guest of Honor for the Republic Day ceremony held in Delhi. 950 President Sukarno from I ndonesia 1954 King Jigme Dorji Wangchuck of Bhutan 1955 Governor General Malik Ghulam Muhammad of Pakistan 1958 Marshall Ye Jianying of People’s Republic of China 1960 President Kliment Voroshilov of Soviet Union 1961 Queen Elizabeth II from United Kingdom 1963 King Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia 1965 Food and Agriculture Minister Rana Abdul Hamid of Pakistan 1968 Prime Minister Alexei Kosygin of Soviet Union President Josip Broz Tito of Yugoslavia 1969 Prime Minister of Bulgaria Todor Zhivkov of Bulgaria 1971 President Julius Nyerere of Tanzania 972 Prime Minister Seewoosagur Ramgoolam of Mauritius 1973 President Mobutu Sese Seko of Zaire 1974 President Josip Broz Tito of Yugoslavia 1975 President Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia 1976 Prime Minister Jacques Chirac of France 1977 First Secretary Edward Gierek of Poland 1978 President Patrick Hillery of Ireland 1979 Prime Minister Malcolm Fraser of Australia 1980 President Valery Giscard d’Estaing of France 1981 President Jose Lo pez Portillo of Mexico 1982 King Juan Carlos I of Spain 1983 President Shehu Shagari of Nigeria 1984 King Jigme Singye Wangchuck of Bhutan 985 President Raul Alfonsin of Argentina 1986 Prime Minister Andreas Papandreou of Greece 1987 President Alan Garcia of Peru 1988 President Junius Jayewardene of Sri Lanka 1989 General Secretary Nguyen Van Linh of Vietnam 1990 Prime Minister Anerood Jugnauth of Mauritius 1991 President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom of Maldives 1992 President Mario Soares of Portugal 1993 Prime Minister John Major of United Kingdom 1994 Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong of Singapore 1995 President Nelson Mandela of South Africa 1996 President Dr. Fernando Henrique Cardoso of Brazil 997 Prime Minister Basdeo Panday of Trinidad and Tobago 1998 President Jacques Chirac of France 1999 King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev of Nepal 2000 President Olusegun Obasanjo of Nigeria 2001 President Abdelaziz Bouteflika of Algeria 2002 President Cassam Uteem of Mauritius 2003 President Mohammed K hatami of Iran 2004 President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva of Brazil 2005 King Jigme Singye Wangchuck of Bhutan 2006 King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz al-Saud of Saudi Arabia 2007 President Vladimir Putin of Russia 2008 President Nicolas Sarkozy of France 009 President Nursultan Nazarbayev of Kazakhstan 2010 President Lee Myung Bak of Republic of Korea 2011 P resident Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono of Indonesia 2012 Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra of Thailand 2013 Sultan of Oman Qaboos bin Said Al Said Republic Day Awards The national awards for bravery or the National Bravery Awards was started in 1957 by the Indian Council for Child Welfare (ICCW) to recognize and honor children who have performed outstanding deeds of bravery and selfless sacrifice. Every year the ICCW confers these awards to children below 16 years of age.The awards are announced on November 14 (Children's Day) and the Prime Minister presents the awards on the eve of Republic Day. The awardees receive a medal, certificate an d cash as a token of their indispensable courage. These children also take part in the Republic Day Parade atop an elephant. In addition to this, some of them are also granted financial assistance to complete their schooling and professional courses such as medical and engineering (under the Indira Gandhi scholarship scheme). Assistance is also provided to some till they complete their graduation.The Central and State government departments, Panchayats, Zila Parishads, State and Union Territory councils for Child Welfare and also the school authorities have the responsibility of acknowledging the applications for the bravery award. The selection is made by a committee constituted by the ICCW, comprising of representatives from the Secretariats of the President and the Vice-President, various ministries, as well as the Central Social Welfare Board, police, All India Radio, Doordarshan and leading NGOs such as the National Bal Bhavan, SOS, Children's Villages of India, R K Mission and experienced ICCW members.In 1978, the Indian Council for Child Welfare instituted two bravery awards for children under the age of 16, the Sanjay Chopra Award and the Geeta Chopra Award, given each year along with the National Bravery Award. Bravery Awards 2013 The list of Bravery Award winners for the year 2013 was announced by the ICCW on January 18th, 2013. The award is to be conferred to 22 brave children from all parts of the country, the youngest recipient being 7-year-old Koroungamba Kuman from Manipur.The coveted ‘Bharat Award' will be awarded to Tarang Atulbhai Mistry from Gujarat and 11-year-old Gajendra Ram from Chhattisgarh is being felicitated with ‘Sanjay Chopra' award. NameAwardState Renu Geeta Chopra AwardDelhi Gajendra Ram Sanjay Chopra AwardChhattisgarh Tarang Atulbhai MistryBharat AwardGujarat Vijay Kumar SainikBapu Gaidhani AwardUttar Pradesh Akanksha GauteBapu Gaidhani AwardChhattisgarh Hali Raghunath BarafBapu Gaidhani AwardMaharashtra RamdintharaN ational Bravery AwardsMizoram Devansh TiwariNational Bravery AwardsChhattisgarh Mukesh NishadNational Bravery AwardsChhattisgarhLalrinhluaNational Bravery AwardsMizoram E. SuganthanNational Bravery AwardsTamil Nadu Ramith. K,National Bravery AwardsKerala Mebin CyriacNational Bravery AwardsKerala Vishnu M. V. National Bravery AwardsKerala Koroungamba KumanNational Bravery AwardsManipur Sameep Anil PanditNational Bravery AwardsMaharashtra Viswendra LohknaNational Bravery AwardsUttar Pradesh Satendra LohkanaNational Bravery AwardsUttar Pradesh Pawan Kumar KanaujiyaNational Bravery AwardsUttar Pradesh Stripleaseman MylliemNational Bravery AwardsMeghalaya Sapna Kumari MeenaNational Bravery AwardsRajasthan Suhail K. M.National Bravery AwardsKarnataka Gallantry Awards Soldiers, who have performed outstanding deeds of bravery and selfless sacrifice, are awarded the bravery medals, Param Vir Chakra, Vir Chakra and Maha Vir Chakra. Each defense service in India have there own set of gallantry awards that are awarded to the soldiers who have shown courage and valor. Beating Retreat After three days of Republic Day parade, a moving ceremony known as â€Å"Beating Retreat† is held at the Vijay Chowk in New Delhi. This ceremony revives an ancient war custom according to which troops used to stop fighting at sunset.Bugles announcing the sunset would sound in the battlefield. As soon as soldiers heard these bugles they would stand still in the battlefield and war would be stopped for the day. This ceremony held on the 29th of January every year, marks the formal end of the Republic Day celebrations. The ceremony opens with a parade by selected contingents of the armed forces set to scintillating performances by the various armed forces bands. The parade climaxes with all the bands playing in unison. As the bands fall silent, a lone trumpeter picks up the moving tune ‘Siki a mole'.After this performance the hymn ‘Abide with me' is played by the Massed Bands. This hymn, said to be Mahatma Gandhi's favourite, is a permanent feature of the ceremony. At exactly 6 pm, the buglers sound the retreat and the National Flag is lowered to the National Anthem bringing the Republic Day celebrations to a formal end. One by one, the camels and the riders who stand stone-like throughout against the backdrop of the sky, move away from the background. Just after this comes the most visually appealing part of the show. With the click of a button, a thousand bulbs light up the Rashtrapati Bhavan and adjoining buildings.Surely a fitting end to the annual celebrations of the Indian republic! National Anthem of India The National Anthem of India is ‘Jana Gana Mana' which was written and composed by Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore. It was first sung at the Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress on December 27, 1911. It was officially adopted by the Constituent Assembly as the National Anthem of India on January 24, 1950. THE NATIONAL ANTHEM OF INDIA Jana gana mana adhinayaka jaya he Bharata bhagya vidhata Punjaba Sind Gujarata Maratha Dravida Utkala Banga Vindhya Himachala Yamuna Ganga Ucchala jaladhi tarangaTava subha name jage Tava subha asisa mage Gahe tava jaya gatha Jana gana mangala dayaka jaya he Bharata bhagya vidhata Jaya he jaya he jaya he Jaya jaya jaya jaya he! Translation into English Thou art the ruler of the minds of all people, Dispenser of India's destiny. Thy name rouses the hearts of Punjab, Sind, Gujarat and Maratha, Of the Dravida and Orissa and Bengal; It echoes in the hills of the Vindhyas and Himalayas, mingles in the music of Jamuna and Ganges and is chanted by the waves of the Indian Sea. They pray for thy blessings and sing thy praise. The saving of all people waits in thy hand,Thou dispenser of India's destiny. Victory, victory, victory, Victory to thee. Preamble to the Constitution of India Just as every book we read comes with a preface, which gives us a brief outline and the central them e of that book, so is the case with the preamble of Indian Constitution. The Preamble being the preface of the constitution lays down the basic makeup of the Constitution. The Indian Preamble highlights the type of society and government it wishes India and Indians to have. For this, it has tried to incorporate the objectives of the Constitution in a nutshell.The Preamble of the constitution has used the noblest words which symbolize the highest principles and values of human creativity and experience. World over, the Preamble of the Indian Constitution is regarded highly for its originality in wholeness of approach in dealing with so many subjects. The Indian preamble wishes India to be a country where there should be no high class and low class of citizens; an India in which all communities will co-exist in perfect harmony. Interestingly, the Indian Constitution is the longest of all the constitutions by any other nation.PREAMBLE WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, are having solemnly resolv ed to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure to all its citizens: JUSTICE, social, economic and political; LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; EQUALITY of status and of opportunity and to promote among them all FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation; IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.

Strategic Analysis of Argos UK Retail Company The WritePass Journal

Strategic Analysis of Argos UK Retail Company 1.0 Introduction Strategic Analysis of Argos UK Retail Company 1.0 Introduction1.1 Organisation Profile1.2  Ã‚  Ã‚   Objectives of Argo1.3  Ã‚  Ã‚   Definition of Globalisation.1.4  Ã‚  EFFECTS OF EU MEMBERSHIP OF BRITAIN ON ARGOS 2.0 Economies of Adopting Policies of Environmental Awareness2.1 Atmospheric Pollution2.2 The hole in the ozone layer2.3 Wastes2.4   Measure to improve heath and safety in the work place.3.0 Responsibilities of organization to improving workforce welfare.3.1   Approaches to the management of diversity  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4.0   Conclusion5.0   Ã‚   REFERENCESRelated 1.0 Introduction This study will review Argos Retailer UK, an organisation, which focuses on customer services as its differentiating factor in an increasingly competitive retail service sector. In the course of this study we explicate how the organisation’s marketing strategies align with its overall strategic objective. In the current climate of economic recession carrying in its wake a wave of unprecedented company failure the need for survival and excelling others has become ever more important. Therefore, organisations such as Argos will need to develop innovative strategies to lure customers who are not only reluctant to buy products but are becoming very savvy in their choice of such products. 1.1 Organisation Profile This study will focus on Argos UK Retail Company, which is one of the UK’s largest general merchandise retailing store. The company was founded in 1973 by Richard Tompkins and went into London stock exchange in 1990 after it had demerged from BAT industries. Argos Uk   sells over 18,000 products in a week and services about 2.5million customers respectively. It has about 7000 stores in UK and 51,000 staff strength. Argos UK Retail Company is not part of a group, which includes Argos Business Solution. Argos Business Solution benefits from the scale of its combined buying and merchandising strategy. The retail brands provide the convenience of home shopping through different routes to market and services, Argos retail group includes Argos Limited, Homebase and Argos retail group financial services. The organisation deals on retail product that is group into two distinctive brands of products. These include Argos and Homebase. The Retail products are toys, jewellers, small domestic appliances, furniture sports and leisure equipment. It deals on consumer’s electronics and large domestic appliances, it also engages in retail services of Home improvement goods and garden related products. Argos is one of the larges stores in the world. This company is well   known for its new stylish and innovative design of wide range of electronics. The organisation offers a wide range of well- designed, efficient, quality and good home domestic products at low prices that attract a wide range of customers to buy their products. The group as a whole had annual sales of over 32.4 billion pounds in the financial year ended in 2008. 1.2  Ã‚  Ã‚   Objectives of Argo This objectives is to develop Argos, a general framework for dynamically composing web services. Many scientific problems can be modelled as a workflow that includes information gathering and processing operations. We propose a unifying framework where these operations are modelled a web services and the scientific workflow as composition of web services. This objective is to use Argos in an metropolitan planning application, in consultation with an advisory team of government representatives, from the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority, the San Bernardino Associated Governments, the Southern California Association of Governments and the Port of Long Beach. This objective is to extend the transportation planning domain to address problems of urban spatial structure that heretofore have not been practical for social science researchers to study due to the lack of tools integrating and analysing available data. 1.3  Ã‚  Ã‚   Definition of Globalisation. Globalisation is the system of interaction among the countries of the world in order to develop the global economy. Globalization also refers to the integration of economics and societies all over the world. Globalization involves technological, economic, political, and cultural exchanges made possible largely by advances in communication, transportation, and infrastructure and it refers to the rapid increase in the share of economic activity taking place across national boundaries. This goes beyond the international trade in goods and includes the way those goods are produced, the delivery and sale of services, and the movement of capital. The origin of the term Globalisation is often attributed to Marshall McLuhan’s concept of the ‘global village’. McLuhan (1962) observed that advances in electronic mass media were collapsing space and time barriers to enable people to communicate on a global scale. But this is just one aspect of globalization, albeit an important aspect of globalization, where the term ‘global village’ is used as a metaphor to describe the interconnectedness of the world through the internet and web. Other researchers attribute the globalization phenomenon to historical, social, political and technological changes, which have enabled the free flow of people, investment, products/services, information and knowledge across the globe. This has led to a fundamental shift in the world economy, where national economies are no longer isolated from each other by barriers to cross-border trade/investment; by distance, time zone, language and by national differences in government regulation, culture, and business system. National economies are merging into an interdependent global economic system.Globalisation in broad terms is the process of integration of countries and people politically, economically and culturally, into global communities. In the context of business, globalization is the phenomenon by which industries transform themselves from multi-national to global competitive structures. Multi-national companies have an international presence of some form or other, where global companies operate in the main markets of the world, and do so in an integrated and co-ordinate way. Globalisations is mush talked about in the media. Of course   the term ‘globalisation’ is by no means the preserve of economists alone.indeed it has been approached from the perspective of at least four academic disciplines, within each of which it tend to take on different characteristics. ââ€" ºÃ‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Economists focus on the growth of international trade and the   increase in   international capital flows. ââ€" ºÃ‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Political scientists view globalization as a process that leads to   the   undermining of   the nation state and emergence of new forms of   governance ââ€" ºÃ‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sociologists view globalization in terms of the rise a global culture and the  Domination of the media by global companies ââ€" ºÃ‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   International relations experts tend to focus on the emergence of global  conflicts and global institutions ââ€" ºÃ‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Effects on National Economies Influence of International Institution Role and Responsibilities of the EU Membership. The national economy is the engine of growth for any country whether it is a superpower with global reach or a small nation struggling to emerge from poverty. Every citizen is a participant in the economy, as they work to create income for their families, pay taxes, spend their earnings of products and services, or draw from government programs, such as welfare or Social Security. And   yet the workings of the economy remain a mystery to most, even as the demands on our economic resources increase. When one looks at the aftermath of the collapse of systematic soviet domination over politics and policy making in East Central Europe, one could be truly astounded at the amount of change that has occurred. Both the Czech Republic and Hungary are in the process of democratization while simultaneously integrating themselves into Western institutions. There is no question that the democratic transitions in Eastern Europe were spurred by the loosening of soviet control, and there affected by international influence. Democratic values, crucial to democratic consolidation, from outside could undermine other aspects of democracy, specifically plurality and rule of law. Democratic policies imposed from outside might amount to rule by law, if policies put in place by domestic elites   due to international pressure, are not adequately debated, supported, enforced   and implemented at the local level. A   consolidated democracy requires the full rooting of democracy, which can be seen by policy debate and policy choice for citizens.(Plurality) it also requires the internalization of rules and procedures (rule of law) and the human rights.(Pridham and Lewis) it is widely accepted that international influence, whether directly or indirectly, but as it is generally diffuse and not quantifiable the nature of the relationship has not been fully explored. We believe that the conditions of Post-Communism provide a filter through which this specific influence can be assessed. These condition can be generally defined as the need to develop the market economy and financial institutions. This economic and social transformation and the desire to integrate remove socio- economic issues from the political landscape. The nature of post- Communist transition therefore provides a unique opportunity to assess the ability of international institutions to craft democracy   from the outside and ‘assist’ democratic consolidation. My research considers plurality and dissemination of democratic values through looking at domestic and international influences on minority policy, central to democratic values, as well a looking at rule by considering how this policy is internalized and implemented and enforced at local level. This research, by isolating the international influences on aspects of democracy also has policy implications for wider European Democracy. International influence affects all democracies but its effects are difficult to distinguish from domestic influences in established democracies. Hopefully due to the prism that post-Communist environment provides (though it has unique characteristics, the international influences are universal), we will be able to ascertain what increasing international influence and democratic crafting means in wider context, beyond post-Communist transition. Over the past two decades the functions of international economic institutions have greatly expanded to include programmes and policies, which affect a wider range of people, groups, and organizations than before. Where previously people could hold their national governments to account for such policies, they must now look to international institutions where the decisions are being made. But to who are these institutions accountable and are they accountable to those whom they direct affect? This course work sets out to answer that question in respect of the International   Monetary Fund(IMF), the World Bank, and the World Trade Organization(WTO).   The World Bank   and the International Monetary Fund(IMF)which are meant to assist governments in achieving development aims through the provision of loans and technical assistance. They have championed the trade liberalization policies mentioned above. Governments and these international institutions are in determining the outcome o f globalization. 1.4  Ã‚  EFFECTS OF EU MEMBERSHIP OF BRITAIN ON ARGOS Home Retail Group ,owner of Argos and Homebase, warned yesterday the weakness of the pound could push up prices of non-food good as sourcing costs for retailers rise by up to 10%. At the same time it predicted another year of sharp sales declines at its chains. Home Retail chief executive Terry Duddy said the group was planning for 2009 to be a â€Å"as difficult as 2008†, when profile fell 24% to  £32m. He said the weak pound would be a â€Å"headwind† for all non-food retailers, predicting cost inflation of up to 10% on foreign- made goods. More than half the group’s goods are made in china. â€Å"our main worry is the impact sterling may have on product pricing and therefore the impact it may have on consumer demand.† Despite some lower costs, such as shipping, down 60%,retailers, suppliers and consumers would have to share the pain: â€Å"we will raise prices where we can but at the same time maintain our price position.† Home Retail is cutting 1,300 head office and supply chain jobs. It has also cut shop workers’ hour and will open fewer new outlets this year. Despite these measures some analysts think profit could fall by the spending downturn, with half of Argos sales from consumer electronics and Homebase’s fortunes linked to the housing market, which remains frozen. Like–for-like sales were down 10.2% at Homebase and 4.8% at Argos in the year to February 28.Duddy predicted similar falls this year. Argos, Britain’s second larges consumer electronics retailer after Curry’s owner DSG International, said sales of discretionary items such as flat-screen TVs had slowed â€Å"substantially†. The underlying weakness of non-food retail may affect possible cash calls. DSG is thought to be assessing investors’ appetite for a  £300m rights issue and share placing that could come imminently. Home Retail fell to an operating loss of  £402m after   writing down the value of Homebase by more than  £650m. The dramatic move is an admission it overpaid for the business, which it bought for  £950m in 2002. Profits at the chain were down nearly 70% at  £14.9m, compared begun to see Argos-home of  £4.69 kettles and  £15.59 DVD players- with new eyes. With a 19% decline at Argos to  £303.6m. Duddy said Homebase had held market share: â€Å"BQ has been quite vibrant {lately} but for five to six years Homebase was outperforming them.† Home Retail benefited from the collapse of rival retailers such as Woolworths and MFI last year. 2.0 Economies of Adopting Policies of Environmental Awareness Trying to promote an environmental message within a company as geographically and operationally diverse as Argos is a major challenge. My research evidence reveals that Argos are aiming to get the massage across to all members of staff that the work they do can have an impact on the environment, in which they live, work and play. They are developing training packages that are tailored to different audience to ensure that all employees, from senior management to operational quayside staff, are aware of the possible environmental implications of their actions. The development of Argos intranet is making the internal dissemination of information available to a much wider audience than traditional training methods. The Aim of Argos is for their staff to be as aware of environmental issues as they are of heath and safety matters and to consider the effects their actions might have, even if it is something as simple as switching-off lights in an unused office, or making sure that a computer printer is switched off over the weekend. Not only will this save energy, but it will also save   money and they hope the good practice will be implemented beyond the work environment. As educators, the major objective should be to educate people to use plant resources sustainably through: ââ€" ºÃ‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   promoting awareness among policy makers in the community ââ€" ºÃ‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   providing training for botanic garden staff and selected group   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   leaders in the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   community. ââ€" ºÃ‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   promoting greater public awareness and motivation for    environmental action. 2.1 Atmospheric Pollution Leading high street retailer Argos is trailing a new process for the waste arriving at its distribution centres from stores, with the of aim of further reducing the volumes going to landfill. Despite having an impressive record on waste, (Argos currently recycle over 80% of the rubbish produced, 9 of its distribution centres are ISO14001 accredited and a store- wide scheme has been introduced to reduce the waste amounts going to landfill)the new trial aims to tackle the remaining rubbish to further reduce volumes. Mark Jones, Distribution Project Manager said:   â€Å"Our internal ‘Argos Cares’ scheme has proved very successful in reducing landfill waste from stores. This trial will drive this process further. The business is committed to reducing landfill waste to help the environment and reduce landfill costs as a result. If we can find a similar solution at other regional distribution centres we could potentially see cost savings in to the business of  £40,000 over twelve months.† The trial, which commenced in mid-January, will continue with two collections per week from Magna Park distribution centre. Argos expect to gain valuable feedback on the content of the compacted rubbish from the contractor, Cwikskip. This, in turn, will reinforce the need to further improve the waste segregation rates in the Argos stores. If the trial is successful Argos will seek to find similar solution at their other 8 distribution centres and elsewhere across Home Retail Group. 2.2 The hole in the ozone layer Cwikskip Waste Management Services are collecting the compacted loads from Magna Park twice a week and moving it to their material recycling facility (MRF) at nearby Rugby. Once there, the loads are then sorted to ensure that as much as 98% of the store and distribution centre waste generated will be recycled. The hole in the ozone layer A remote   measuring system, which is based o the principle of differential absorption and diffusion lidar, is developed for detection of nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and ozone. The ARGOS (Advanced Remote Gaseous Oxides Sensor) system uses differential absorption of light with different wavelengths: for that two short light pulses from pumped dye lasers are simultaneously   sent in the   atmosphere. A three component Doppler sodar is used for measuring wind   direction and velocity. The system allows atmosphere backscattering coefficient to be estimated as a measure for spray and dust concentration in the air. The ozone layer in the stratosphere provides protection from harmful solar ultra-violet (UV)radiation. Manmade ozone depletion is caused by the mass use and emission of choro fluoro carbon (CFCs) and other ozone-depleting substance (ODS). This has led to an increase in harmful ultraviolet radiation and the incidence of irradiation-induced skin cancer. Ozone depletion is estimated to be greatest over the western parts of Europe where chloroflurocarbons have been commonly used in refrigerators and aerosol propellants. In these same countries, other ODS have also been used extensively, for example as coolant, foam and cleaning agents. 2.3 Wastes Population growth, increasing urbanization, industrialization and rising standards of living have all contributed to an increase in the amount of waste generated in the EU countries. In 1995, the total amount of waste generated in Eu-15(excluding agricultural waste) was estimated to be 1.3 billion tones (or 3.5 tonnes per capital). These figures show a 10% increase in total waste production between 1990 and 1995. very shortly, annual waste levels will be approximating 2 billion tonnes, with gains from recycling measures outweighed by an increase in economic activity and total waste production (European Environment Agency, 1999). Countries are faced not only with massive volumes of waste but also with the challenges related to hazardous wastes materials. Each year, the Community generates around 40 million tonnes of Hazardous waste. Waste, which arise from virtually all- human activities, can be broadly classified with respect to their source. The major categories include ‘municipal waste’, industrial, agricultural, sewage and nuclear waste, levels for which are shown in Argos household and public wastes An efficient way to cut down the volume of waste is to reduce the use of packaging and to recycle paper, cardboard, plastic, aluminium tins, and glass. Levels of recycling in the member states range from 28% to 53% for paper and cardboard (EU average 49.6%) and between 20% and 76% for glass (European Parliament, 1999). These figures highlight extreme variations in performance between the member states. 2.4   Measure to improve heath and safety in the work place. In December 2005, a full safety management review was conducted and January 2006 the Argos and Homebase health and safety teams were merged together. The current team of 12 is led our Health and Safety Manager, who is also chair of the British Retail Consortium’s Risk and Safety Policy Action Group, which ensure we keep abreast of current thinking and in this area. A key aspect of the review was to develop an approach to health and safety that drew on best practice within Argos and Homebase, and to develop a system that was straightforward and simple for our colleagues to understand and use. We call this programme ‘Simple Safer’. we have taken a stepped approach to introducing this programme focusing our efforts on Argos first and then Homebase. Key attributes were consultation with our heath and safety champions, who were elected by employees at our location and whose role is to represent the view of colleagues at regular health and safety meetings and during the implementation of our simply safer programme. We have also rationalized the number of risk assessments performed by our colleagues. For example, in Homebase we reduced the number of different assessments types from 180 down to 30 integrated templates, which can be tailored to suit individual site circumstances. The feedback from our colleagues on the introduction of this new way of working has been very positive. In order to make our health and safety policy statement effective, we have established a health and safety management, control and support structure as a framework for activity that reaches every part of our Group. The Group HR Director is responsible for implementing the health and safety policy and has established and chairs a health and safety risk management group comprising senior management representative from all area of the business. The committee’s role is to keep under review the effective management of health and safety across the Group and to provide the executive directors with appropriate advice and guidance. The health and safety management group meets quarterly and minutes of the meeting are produced and circulated across the business. We recognize that different areas of our business need to be actively involved in health and safety management so to facilitate this we have set up a number of committees that report into the health and safety risk management gro up. All health and safety committee members are provided with information, attend update meetings and consult over health and safety issues. Each store or site manager is responsible for implementation of the Group’s health and safety arrangements in their own store or site. In addition, it is our intention that every store and distribution centre will have an appointed health and safety champion (currently in place across Homebase and underway in Argos). They are responsible for representing the employees and promoting health and safety agenda in their location. Each operation office and distribution centre also has a site health and safety committee chaired by an appropriate manager. We are currently in the process of rolling this into all stores and we expect this to be completed in 2007. We provide health and safety training to all our new colleagues, mainly through the induction process. Specific health and safety training is also provided for those individuals required to manage and supervise others. We regular monitor our health and safety performance across the business. For example, stores undertake and record regular assessments, including all relevant fire safety checks. They also conduct a periodic checklist and there are various other checks based on the risk assessments and accident/incident experience (e.g Ladder register fire alarm checks etc.) Every store conducts a formal self-audit on business critical issue, which are collated and reviewed by line managers. Any failure can lead to disciplinary action. In addition, the health and safety team regular audits stores. Action plans are produced for failing stores and the results are linked to bouses.The health and safety champions are also involved in reviewing these and conducting re-audits on stores in their area. We provide a bullying; harassment and stress help line, which gives employees access to trained counselors. In addition, all employees can be referred for face to face counseling through this service. 3.0 Responsibilities of organization to improving workforce welfare. AEGON today announced that an agreement has been signed to acquire a 49% interest in Seguros Argos S.A. de   C.V.,a Mexican life insurance company specializing in the sale of life insurance to individuals through their employers (the worksite marketing channel),for an undisclosed sum. AEGON’s existing operations in Mexico include AEGON Direct Marketing Services, which works with insurance companies, banks and other financial institutions to provide direct marketing service. In addition, Transamerica Reinsurance(an AEGON company) is active in the life reinsurance market in Mexico. Executives started Argos in 2002 with a long tenure in Mexican insurance market. At the end of 2005 Argos had more than 420,000 policies in force and 1,266 million pesos (EUR 86.6 million ) in premium income. We welcome this opportunity to further expand into Mexico’s life insurance market with one of the country’s leading providers of individual life insurance and related saving and investment products,† said Don Sheppard, Chairman of AEGON’s Executive Board. This investment is consistence with AEGON’s strategy to expand into countries that offer long-term growth opportunity for the products and services we look forward to working with Argos to bu ild on their solid platform. Over time, as our client grew familiar with the translation services that Argos Translations offered, they began to request additional assistance in the medical device market.This occurred largely due to the fact that we were based in their targeted local market and thus could offer additional business support. Many of our clients not only needed their devices localized and their documents translated, but also needed to understand the regulatory issues connected with entering central and Eastern European markets. Argos Translations understood that by being able to offer a turnkey solution that would include assisting in market entry as well as taking care of the translation/localization process; we would provide our clients with unique additional benefits. As a result, Argos Translation joined forces with PMR Consulting, a local consultancy firm with the reliability and extensive experience that complemented Argos Translations services. The result of this collaboration is an offer of a complete solution for all medical device manufacturers interested in entering East European markets. This white paper has been commissioned by Argos Translation and is intended to provide investors with information about the basic devices. While some of the issues raised in this white paper may be common across other East European market it is important to note that each country has its own regulatory requirements and thus it is important not to draw any far-reaching conclusion about the region without consulting a local expert for advice. 3.1   Approaches to the management of diversity  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fishing is an important industry, dependent on a natural resource. To protect stocks, satellite monitoring of fishing fleets has been made mandatory by certain governments. Such surveillance can guarantee that application regulations concerning authorized zones and quotas are enforced. The Argos Net solution development by CLS enables authorities to determine the position of fishing vessels, and to monitor fishing activity and catches. Indonesia, Peru, Europe, the United State, Korea, Chile, Taiwan and many other countries rely on CLS to monitor vessels flying their flags or operating in their waters. To improve security for shipping, the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) requires all ships over 500 tonnes   to be fitted with an onboard warning system (SSA-Ship Security Alert System). One of these systems, called Shiploc, is based on the Argos system and enabled ship owners to comply with IMO standards and monitor their fleet continually. In the event of an incident, the crew activates an alert button which automatically sends a signal to land. In the framework of an international agreement,Shiploc has joined forces with the anti-piracy centre at the International Maritime Bureau. The Argos system provides vital support for UN humanitarian programmes. Hundreds of transmitters have been installed throughout the world to verify distribution of resources, use of food rations, and a number of crucial parameters concerning the schooling of children. In the event of epidemics, Argos transmitters also inform authorities and humanitarian associations about the zones at risk and the number of individuals affected. 4.0   Conclusion This course work has examined the impact of globalization and EU integration of Britain on Argos Retail Group. Globalisation and Integration has brought wider benefits to many countries and organizations, but has equally resulted in challenges never before imagined. The management of Argos in the wider environment must evolve to take advantage of new emerging   markets. Such management must be innovative in adopting new set of precepts and protocols that are robust to accept changes in market dichotomy and technology. Competition has increase as a direct result of globalization and European integration. There are new entrants and players in the retail market that can not only challenge Argos but also possible take away its business. Such threats must be anticipated and clearly articulated in advance there by setting the scene not only to embrace change but to also covert the threats into opportunities. There are also issues of legislation, which now spans across boundaries. The national regulatory environment, which hitherto determines the mode of operation, has now been expanded to wider legislative environment. The management of Argos will need to learn and implement new wider rules and regulations in order to survive. In conclusion, one must postulate that globalization creates new avenues of opportunities. Argos must take advantage of the opportunities whilst at the same find innovative ways of converting the threat of globalization and integration into advantages. Sadly, research shows that Argos has not fully embraced this concept although efforts are being made to effect the changes that must happen.    5.0   Ã‚   REFERENCES â™ ¦Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   European Environment Agency,(1999) Environment in the     Ã‚  Ã‚   European Union at   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   the Turn of the Century EEA. â™ ¦Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   En (2006), wiktionary globalization, www.wiki.org.uk â™ ¦Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   European Parliament,(1999) Environment policy: general   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   principles, European parliament Fact Sheets. â™ ¦Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Marshall   McLuhan’s, (1998) The Marshall McLuhan’s Center   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Global   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   communications. â™ ¦Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   McLuhan’s (1996) Gutenberg Galaxy,the making of typographic   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   man. â™ ¦Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pridham and Lewis, (2004) Stabilising Fragile Democracies:    New Party System   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   in Sounthern and Eastern Europe. â™ ¦Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Welford,R. (1992) Corporate Environmental Management,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Earthscan. â™ ¦Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   llLs, (2004) International Institute for Labour Studies,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Globalisation and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Employment.

Solving the mystery of insect essays

Solving the mystery of insect essays Solving the Mystery of Insect Flight Insects Use a Combination of Aerodynamic Effects to Remain Aloft It is obvious to the casual observer that an insect, flapping its wings 20 to 600 times a second, does not fly like an airplane. Insect wings do not only oscillate up and down, they also trace an oval tilted at a steep angle. The wings also change orientation during each flap- the top faces up during the down stroke, and then the wing rotates so the underside faces up during the upstroke. Early analysis of insect flight tries to apply conventional steady-state aerodynamics that works for aircraft wings, to the complex motions of insect wings. This took into account the changing velocity of the wings as they went through the air. An example would be to stop the insects wing at a particular spot in the stroke cycle and then test it in a wind tunnel. Set the wind velocity and orientation to mimic the movement of the wing through the air. Now one can measure the aerodynamic force acting on the wing at each moment. If the steady state theory was sufficient, the average force should point upward and equal to the insects weight. In the early 1980s Charles Ellington of the University of Cambridge reviewed all of the evidence and concluded that the steady-state theory did not work for the forces required. The search for the answer of how insects fly started again. In 1998, Fritz-Olaf Lehmann, Sanjay P. Sane, and Michael Dickinson built a large model of a flapping fruit fly the Robofly. The robotic fly was placed in a tank of Solving the Mystery of Insect Flight 4 viscous mineral oil that made the 25-centimeter wings flapping once every 5 seconds similar to 2.5 millimeter fly wings flapping 200 times a second. The scientists measured two critical properties, the aerodynamic forces on the wings and the fluid flow around them. Both of which are impossible to examine on a real fly. R...

British Airways

Also it is member of International Airlines Group. Nowadays British Airways is using strategy of Marketing Mix including 4p’s. First of all, what is it Marketing Mix of 4 p’s? â€Å"Marketing Mix† is said for different performances which companies have to choose to bring a product or service to market. Marketing Mix 4 p’s: * Product: characteristics and features * Price: pricing strategies * Place: location, distribution channels * Promotion: advertising, promoting to the customers Going into more deep and applying this theory to such company as British Airways I can say that Product strategy is the main strategy of Marketing Mix (4 P’S). Without Product strategy there is no Place, Price and Promotion. Speaking about BA it is transporting industry its product is not physical and cannot be touched. British Airways product strategy includes flight  services, quality of flights, various destinations across Europe and  the world, executive class, business class, speed, security, support  facilities and years of experience. Nowadays, the main aircrafts which BA uses to transport people are Airbus A318-100, Airbus A319-100, Airbus A320-200, Airbus A321-200, Airbus A380-800, Boeing 737–400, Boeing 747-400, Boeing 767-300ER, Boeing 777–200, Boeing 777-200ER, Boeing 777-300ER, Boeing 787–8, Boeing 787–9. Most of the airplanes which are 77% use either Rolls-Royce or IAE alliance engines. Another 23% is divided between General Electric  and the  CFM International  consortium. To the year 2012 BA operates over 400 aircraft, carries over 62  million passengers annually, and serves more than 200 destinations. British Airways is not only Airline Company it also has its own  engineering branch  to exploit its aircraft fleet, this includes line maintenance at over 70 airports around the world. One more vital option of 4 p’s is Place. The main â€Å"place† were customers can consume services of British Airways is situated in Waterside, close to its main airport at London Heathrow Airport. However BA is international company and you can also find it in main airports all over the world. Also there are two important service centers in Glasgow  and  Cardiff Airports. Turning to the third option which is Price the organization should set the price relative with the value delivered and perceived by the  customer. British Airways has set its services in the way that customers can chose how much they want to pay for this service. Comparing with other Airline Companies BA poses four types of services economy class, premium economy class, business class, premium business class. The difference is in quality of â€Å"product which are you consuming† and the price. So price of the tickets are varied from ? 00 to ? 400. Main success of the company depends on its promotion. People in the promotional team of British Airways know their. First slogan â€Å"The World’s Favourite Airline† was established in 1989 with the song of â€Å"The Flower Duet† by  Leo Delibes. After this there were a lot of changes like â€Å"Upgrade to British Airways†, â€Å"The World’s Favourite Airline†, â€Å"The World’s B est Airline†, â€Å"We’ll Take More Care Of You†, and â€Å"Fly the Flag†. One of the latest tricks was â€Å"Christmas gift voucher† which is promotional prices. This works during the Christmas holidays and offers lowest prices for their customers. For example flying to 14 travel zones from ? 59 return on UK and Europe destinations and  from ? 269 return on the rest of the world In the end I would like to say that British Airlines is one of the biggest companies in this area and one of the best companies. For a long time it provides its clients with high level services and security which is the most important things in this business. Meanwhile, price is responsible to the quality. Service is easily available and well promoted. British Airways There was a one-sided decision taken to introduce swipe cards. It was unplanned because it was introduced at the start of the summer quarter when they had it has one of its busiest quarters. From the perspective of sense making, management needs to be aware of the key elements that are important to the situation. In BA the management did not form an awareness of key element; they did not realize that the move was being interpreted to manipulate their working patterns. The management did not understand the importance of not introducing an unpopular system before the peak season. Finally, this was not a decision made by examining different alternatives and evaluating them properly. This was an ad hoc decision taken by the management without considering its consequences. From the point of view of change management, there strength of organizational dissatisfaction, vision for the future and possibility of immediate, tactical action must be stronger than the resistance within the organization. The employees did not want the change, they felt that the swipe system would be used to manipulate their working patterns and shift hours. From the perspective of contingency, the management is supposed to identify what can go wrong in the given situation. The BA management had not planned for the event that the imposition of the swipe card would lead to refusal by workers of the swipe card resulting in a strike. From the point of view of process, it is necessary for the management to methodologically study the process of employee decision making, employee concerns about swipe cards and reason for rising absenteeism. The management did not study the mood of the employees, the effect of lack of consultation, poor pay rates and dissatisfaction with the management. From the perspective of organizational development, I would make sure the event is more planned and communicate to the employees so that they are taken into consideration with the decision. From the perspective of sense making I would make the management understand the key elements. Then I would make management come up with alternatives before making a decision. From the perspective of change management, I will recommend that BA management should first set a vision for the organization, then it must assess the dissatisfaction with the current system, next it must suggest tactical action that is acceptable to the employees and then suggest action. From the perspective of contingency, I would recommend that the BA officials should assess all the contingencies that are possible because of the change and should develop risk reduction strategies. From the perspective of process, I would recommend that the BA management should methodically study the process of employee decision making and evaluate the manner in which the management action will affect the process of decision making of BA management. References Palmer, I, . Dunford, R. , Akin, G. , (2009) Managing organizational change: A multiple perspectives approach (2ed. ) New York: McGraw Hill. British Airways British Airways British Airways Also it is member of International Airlines Group. Nowadays British Airways is using strategy of Marketing Mix including 4p’s. First of all, what is it Marketing Mix of 4 p’s? â€Å"Marketing Mix† is said for different performances which companies have to choose to bring a product or service to market. Marketing Mix 4 p’s: * Product: characteristics and features * Price: pricing strategies * Place: location, distribution channels * Promotion: advertising, promoting to the customers Going into more deep and applying this theory to such company as British Airways I can say that Product strategy is the main strategy of Marketing Mix (4 P’S). Without Product strategy there is no Place, Price and Promotion. Speaking about BA it is transporting industry its product is not physical and cannot be touched. British Airways product strategy includes flight  services, quality of flights, various destinations across Europe and  the world, executive class, business class, speed, security, support  facilities and years of experience. Nowadays, the main aircrafts which BA uses to transport people are Airbus A318-100, Airbus A319-100, Airbus A320-200, Airbus A321-200, Airbus A380-800, Boeing 737–400, Boeing 747-400, Boeing 767-300ER, Boeing 777–200, Boeing 777-200ER, Boeing 777-300ER, Boeing 787–8, Boeing 787–9. Most of the airplanes which are 77% use either Rolls-Royce or IAE alliance engines. Another 23% is divided between General Electric  and the  CFM International  consortium. To the year 2012 BA operates over 400 aircraft, carries over 62  million passengers annually, and serves more than 200 destinations. British Airways is not only Airline Company it also has its own  engineering branch  to exploit its aircraft fleet, this includes line maintenance at over 70 airports around the world. One more vital option of 4 p’s is Place. The main â€Å"place† were customers can consume services of British Airways is situated in Waterside, close to its main airport at London Heathrow Airport. However BA is international company and you can also find it in main airports all over the world. Also there are two important service centers in Glasgow  and  Cardiff Airports. Turning to the third option which is Price the organization should set the price relative with the value delivered and perceived by the  customer. British Airways has set its services in the way that customers can chose how much they want to pay for this service. Comparing with other Airline Companies BA poses four types of services economy class, premium economy class, business class, premium business class. The difference is in quality of â€Å"product which are you consuming† and the price. So price of the tickets are varied from ? 00 to ? 400. Main success of the company depends on its promotion. People in the promotional team of British Airways know their. First slogan â€Å"The World’s Favourite Airline† was established in 1989 with the song of â€Å"The Flower Duet† by  Leo Delibes. After this there were a lot of changes like â€Å"Upgrade to British Airways†, â€Å"The World’s Favourite Airline†, â€Å"The World’s B est Airline†, â€Å"We’ll Take More Care Of You†, and â€Å"Fly the Flag†. One of the latest tricks was â€Å"Christmas gift voucher† which is promotional prices. This works during the Christmas holidays and offers lowest prices for their customers. For example flying to 14 travel zones from ? 59 return on UK and Europe destinations and  from ? 269 return on the rest of the world In the end I would like to say that British Airlines is one of the biggest companies in this area and one of the best companies. For a long time it provides its clients with high level services and security which is the most important things in this business. Meanwhile, price is responsible to the quality. Service is easily available and well promoted. British Airways There was a one-sided decision taken to introduce swipe cards. It was unplanned because it was introduced at the start of the summer quarter when they had it has one of its busiest quarters. From the perspective of sense making, management needs to be aware of the key elements that are important to the situation. In BA the management did not form an awareness of key element; they did not realize that the move was being interpreted to manipulate their working patterns. The management did not understand the importance of not introducing an unpopular system before the peak season. Finally, this was not a decision made by examining different alternatives and evaluating them properly. This was an ad hoc decision taken by the management without considering its consequences. From the point of view of change management, there strength of organizational dissatisfaction, vision for the future and possibility of immediate, tactical action must be stronger than the resistance within the organization. The employees did not want the change, they felt that the swipe system would be used to manipulate their working patterns and shift hours. From the perspective of contingency, the management is supposed to identify what can go wrong in the given situation. The BA management had not planned for the event that the imposition of the swipe card would lead to refusal by workers of the swipe card resulting in a strike. From the point of view of process, it is necessary for the management to methodologically study the process of employee decision making, employee concerns about swipe cards and reason for rising absenteeism. The management did not study the mood of the employees, the effect of lack of consultation, poor pay rates and dissatisfaction with the management. From the perspective of organizational development, I would make sure the event is more planned and communicate to the employees so that they are taken into consideration with the decision. From the perspective of sense making I would make the management understand the key elements. Then I would make management come up with alternatives before making a decision. From the perspective of change management, I will recommend that BA management should first set a vision for the organization, then it must assess the dissatisfaction with the current system, next it must suggest tactical action that is acceptable to the employees and then suggest action. From the perspective of contingency, I would recommend that the BA officials should assess all the contingencies that are possible because of the change and should develop risk reduction strategies. From the perspective of process, I would recommend that the BA management should methodically study the process of employee decision making and evaluate the manner in which the management action will affect the process of decision making of BA management. References Palmer, I, . Dunford, R. , Akin, G. , (2009) Managing organizational change: A multiple perspectives approach (2ed. ) New York: McGraw Hill.

International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 9

International Business - Essay Example Starbucks currently desired to expand its international operation to obtain 20,000 international stores worldwide in the near future (Annual Report: Starbucks, 2006). A company can obtain market penetration is hot market to expand its customer base or find a developing nation such as China to establish manufacturing operation or importing activities to obtain significant cost savings in materials and supplies needed to lower company expenses. India is a country that high levels of export of professional services in IT services and other administrative work (Country Insight, 2007). The entire country has a business community with a model based on exporting of professional services and a research and development platform that will bring greater innovation and research findings to achiever greater level of international business activity. One of the most powerful organizations that regulate the trade among nations is the World Trade Organization (WTO) which has 151 member countries (Wto , 2007). The world economy turn into an interlocked internation business driven system since the globalization movement started and it was further enhanced with information age, internet age and the current economic era the world is living in the convergence are. Greater communication systems allowed business unity and access to customers worldwide facilitated by high speed internet networks. The biggest players in the international business word are corporation doing business activities in G8 countries. The biggest fastest growing economy which is the epicenter of powerful business industries such as the apparel business in which obtain a 50% market share of the world’s apparel industry is China which is the epicenter for light manufacturing operations worldwide. The currency of a country is the monetary unit that supports the national economy and is utilized for interchanged and completer buyer / seller transaction as well as other financial function such as

Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 44

Journal - Essay Example Whats more that is accurate over all races. Discussing a standout amongst the most striking outcomes of the low marriage rate, the amount of unmarried women who are having kids. Exploration lets us know that in 1980, 18 percent of births were to unmarried ladies, while the number today is a little more than 40 percent. There are inescapable budgetary implications to such an emotional movement. For decades, marriage has been elevated as an approach to battle neediness, especially for ladies with youngsters. The reason why marriages are fizzling is precisely basing on the fact that defective individuals are hopping in for the wrong reasons." On the off chance that that was correct, we ought to be seeing galactically high marriage rates and a custom of marriage that remaining parts solid, coupled with cosmically high separate rates. Anyhow that is not what were seeing. Concerning the reasons behind why relational unions are fizzling appears as though something you only hauled out of flimsy air. "Imperfect individuals" – Everyone is defective in restricted or the other. Marriage, much the same as other social organizations, is still a build of people and is in this manner characterized by every individual desires, childhood, and conviction frameworks. As I would like to think, there are no widespread wrong motivations to get hitched on the grounds that marriage gives diverse profits to distinctive individuals. What one few sees as a wrong motivation to get hitched, an alternate may see as a flawless motivation to wed. Some wed for adoration. Some wed for gang. Some wed for convention. None of these reasons are generally not right. Relational unions are fizzling in light of the fact that an excess of individuals view matrimony the way Gretta Cohn does: as something that ought to be dealt with like a vocation contract; as something that "needs another model" rather than an old one that met